官方机密

本文分两个部分，第一部分全部摘自英文版Wikipedia（貌似没有中文版网页），并进行中文翻译，如有翻译错误，欢迎指正。第二部分是取自于The Guardian的电影中所提及的当年报道的新闻（英文版，重要部分会有些许翻译），并在文末分享几篇关于Katharine Gun的新闻报道链接。BTW，文末会提供文章网页链接。

Katharine Gun

早期生活

Gun出生于台湾，父母是英国人，也正因为如此，她描述自己是“third culture kid”（意指一个人在与父母成长的环境或者国家不同的环境下成长，并且受到了不同的文化熏陶）。在孩童时代，她就读于台湾的Morrison Academic学校。只有在英国的Durham University学习日语和中文。毕业后，她工作与英国的情报机构----Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)。并且在稍后的工作岁月中表示：

I didn't have much idea about what they did...I was going into it prettey much blind. Most people do.

泄密事件

Gun在GCHQ的日常工作是英文与中文的翻译工作。在2003年的一月31日，Gun读到了一封来自于Frank Koza的邮件（电影中观察者报的记者们一开始想要证实是否存在的那个情报官员，而在百科中，这个人也不存在相关的信息链接），Koza隶属于美国的情况机构在‘regional targets’（区域性目标）n部门的主管。而邮件的内容涉及一项秘密且非法的（a secret and illegal operatio）去操控联合国办事对于六个国家的投票，这六个国家是Angola, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Guinea, and Pakistan，被称为“swing nations”（应该是对投票持摇摆态度的国家），而这项投票的提议是联合国是否允许发动对伊拉克的武力进攻。

Gun被邮件的内容所激怒，并打印了邮件的内容并随后带回了家。在对邮件深思熟虑后，Gun把邮件的内容发给了一个与记者有关系的朋友，在同年二月，她参与了在伦敦举行的反战游行。直到三月2日星期日，Gun才在观察者报纸的首页上看到了邮件内的相关报道。不到一周后，在三月5日，Gun对于她的部门主管承认是她做了泄密，并同时被捕。在与Jeremy Paxman的BBC访谈中，她坦言没有与律师有过沟通，因为认为这不会有多少实质性的帮助——“honesty didn't think that would have had any practical effect”。Gun被拘留的一个晚上。在八个月后，她因泄露官方国家机密罪而被指控。（有意思的是）她在等待她是否会受到指控的听证会期间，她在Birmingham University（伯明翰大学）攻读了国际道德准则的硕士学位。

Protesters against the invasion of Iraq, February 2003. Photograph: Ian Waldie/Getty Images

庭审

在2003年的十月13日，Gun因违反1989年的官方机密条例（其实也是本片的片名——Official Secrets Act 1989）而被指控。她的案件立刻在反战人士中引起了巨大了关注，许多民众要求英国政府撤销指控。在稍后的法庭中，Gun表示对指控做无罪申辩，因为她认为入侵伊拉克的战争是违法的。

在2004年二月24日，在一个半小时的法庭申辩过程中，检方因为无法提供（Gun泄露的机密文件的）证据而撤销了起诉。而检方取消起诉的具体原因则不明确（unclear）。媒体的意见认为是因为舆论压力导致政府放弃了起诉，而政府的发言人表示在国防部门提起起诉的要求前，政府部门就已经决定放弃起诉。在当天的法庭听证会上，Gun表示：

I'm just baffled in the 21st century we as human beings are still dropping bombs on each other as a means to resolve issues.

在2019年的一篇卫报的报道中指出：即使是检方也认为起诉Gun的证据会显露入侵伊拉克的武力行为是非法的。Leaking or briefing? Inside the world of ministers’ secrets

之后的生活

在2003年Gun获得了Sam Adams Awards, 并在两年后（可能是2005年）撰写了一篇文章——“Iran: Time to Leak”，请求更多的潜在泄密者对公众提供政府是否有对伊朗发动武力进攻的准备。并且表示：

those in position to do so to disclose information which relates to this planned agression; legal advice, meetings between the White House and other intellience agencies, assessments of Iran's threat level (or better yet, evidence that assessments have been altered), troop deployments and army notifications. Don't let 'the intelligence and the facts be fixed around the policy' this time.

（大意就是请求泄露、披露关于入侵计划、合法性的咨询（一些西方国家政府在对他国正式宣战前，一方面需要获得国会的投票通过，另外一方面也需要咨询法律顾问关于宣战的合法性依据，否则会有违宪的可能）、白宫与情报部门的会议，伊朗政府的安全为先级别的评估、军事部署。不要让情报部门和事实再一次干扰、错误的影响（国家）政策，简言之就是不能让片面的事实影响国家政策的制定、进而影响民意）。

在2019年，名为'Official Secrets'的电影上映，展现了Gun在2003的壮举，并且有Keira Knightley饰演Gun。

Katharine Gun

Third culture kid

The Observer

Official Secrets (film)

第二部分，在2003年卫报所纰漏入侵伊拉克是非法行为的报道。

The Observer’s front page story on 2 March 2003. Photograph: The Observer

(顺便一提：本报纸的右上角的新闻Lost in Spacey: the Oscar winner tells all to Mariella Frostrup——'Anybody worth their salt feels like a fake most of the time'，讲的是Kevin Spacey，并且Spacey于同年出演了电影 The Life of David Gale )

Revealed: US dirty tricks to win vote on Iraq war （美国政府恶意操控赢得对伊拉克战争的投票）

The United States is conducting a secret 'dirty tricks' campaign against UN Security Council delegations in New York as part of its battle to win votes in favour of war against Iraq.

Details of the aggressive surveillance operation, which involves interception of the home and office telephones and the emails of UN delegates in New York, are revealed in a document leaked to The Observer.（对身处纽约的联合国的代表团的住家和办公室的电话和邮件的窃听。）

The disclosures were made in a memorandum written by a top official at the National Security Agency - the US body which intercepts communications around the world - and circulated to both senior agents in his organisation and to a friendly foreign intelligence agency asking for its input.

The memo describes orders to staff at the agency, whose work is clouded in secrecy, to step up its surveillance operations 'particularly directed at... UN Security Council Members (minus US and GBR, of course)' to provide up-to-the-minute intelligence for Bush officials on the voting intentions of UN members regarding the issue of Iraq. （窃听的信息会直通小布什的办公室，并告知联合国成员国对于入侵伊拉克的动议的态度。）

The leaked memorandum makes clear that the target of the heightened surveillance efforts are the delegations from Angola, Cameroon, Chile, Mexico, Guinea and Pakistan at the UN headquarters in New York - the so-called 'Middle Six' delegations whose votes are being fought over by the pro-war party, led by the US and Britain, and the party arguing for more time for UN inspections, led by France, China and Russia. （中间派的“摇摆的六国”，并且支持入侵的动议由美国和英国领导，而反对则有法国、中国和俄罗斯带领。）

The memo is directed at senior NSA officials and advises them that the agency is 'mounting a surge' aimed at gleaning information not only on how delegations on the Security Council will vote on any second resolution on Iraq, but also 'policies', 'negotiating positions', 'alliances' and 'dependencies' - the 'whole gamut of information that could give US policymakers an edge in obtaining results favourable to US goals or to head off surprises'.

Dated 31 January 2003, the memo was circulated four days after the UN's chief weapons inspector Hans Blix produced his interim report on Iraqi compliance with UN resolution 1441.

It was sent by Frank Koza, chief of staff in the 'Regional Targets' section of the NSA, which spies on countries that are viewed as strategically important for United States interests. （由Frank Koza发出的这份备忘录）

Koza specifies that the information will be used for the US's 'QRC' - Quick Response Capability - 'against' the key delegations.

Suggesting the levels of surveillance of both the office and home phones of UN delegation members, Koza also asks regional managers to make sure that their staff also 'pay attention to existing non-UN Security Council Member UN-related and domestic comms [office and home telephones] for anything useful related to Security Council deliberations'. （对联合国代表团的办公场所和居住场所的窃听，并且对与联合国事务相关的且没有参与（联合国）安全理事会的成员国代表以及国内的通信进行窃听）

Koza also addresses himself to the foreign agency, saying: 'We'd appreciate your support in getting the word to your analysts who might have similar more indirect access to valuable information from accesses in your product lines [ie, intelligence sources].' Koza makes clear it is an informal request at this juncture, but adds: 'I suspect that you'll be hearing more along these lines in formal channels.'

Disclosure of the US operation comes in the week that Blix will make what many expect to be his final report to the Security Council.

It also comes amid increasingly threatening noises from the US towards undecided countries on the Security Council who have been warned of the unpleasant economic consequences of standing up to the US.

Sources in Washington familiar with the operation said last week that there had been a division among Bush administration officials over whether to pursue such a high-intensity surveillance campaign with some warning of the serious consequences of discovery.

The existence of the surveillance operation, understood to have been requested by President Bush's National Security Adviser, Condoleezza Rice, is deeply embarrassing to the Americans in the middle of their efforts to win over the undecided delegations.

The language and content of the memo were judged to be authentic by three former intelligence operatives shown it by The Observer. We were also able to establish that Frank Koza does work for the NSA and could confirm his senior post in the Regional Targets section of the organisation.

The NSA main switchboard put The Observer through to extension 6727 at the agency which was answered by an assistant, who confirmed it was Koza's office. However, when The Observer asked to talk to Koza about the surveillance of diplomatic missions at the United Nations, it was then told 'You have reached the wrong number'. （NSA转接了‘观察者’对于Koza的办公室的电话，并且并且表示6727是Koza的办公室，但当记者询问对联合国的外交任务的（窃听）调查时，被告知电话打错了）

On protesting that the assistant had just said this was Koza's extension, the assistant repeated that it was an erroneous extension, and hung up.

While many diplomats at the UN assume they are being bugged, the memo reveals for the first time the scope and scale of US communications intercepts targeted against the New York-based missions.

The disclosure comes at a time when diplomats from the countries have been complaining about the outright 'hostility' of US tactics in recent days to persuade then to fall in line, including threats to economic and aid packages.

The operation appears to have been spotted by rival organisations in Europe. 'The Americans are being very purposeful about this,' said a source at a European intelligence agency when asked about the US surveillance efforts.

另外分享几篇文章

2003

US plan to bug Security Council: the text

2019

Iraq war whistleblower Katharine Gun: ‘Truth always matters’

Katharine Gun: Ten years on what happened to the woman who revealed dirty tricks on the UN Iraq war vote?

电影《官方机密》取材实在大胆，探究政治对错，女主凯瑟琳在泄露国家机密后，还能偏执地举着为国为民的名义和政府暴力机关对话，最终无罪释放，结果可喜。但是可以推出长达一年的等待是着实煎熬，被监听、被跟踪、丈夫险些被遣返，可能面临入狱，履历留有犯罪痕迹。 她不退缩，只是气愤谎言，她不排斥战争，却不想看到因谎言而产生的战争。 战争，本就是残酷的，就算是一局正襟危坐的棋，都能让人感受到金戈铁马的厮杀，更何况真刀真枪的战争。现代文明本应远离战争，就像人和人之间应该少一些肢体的争斗，就算对方是弱者，若是被惹急了，也会拼命一搏，强者自然也会有损伤。 不过死伤的不是后面做决策的人

欧美双标和民主的谎言已昭然天下，洗衣粉诬陷别国大规模生化武器的事情仍历历在目。电影官方机密是基于真实事件改编的电影，真实再现了狼狈为奸的两个国家如何利用联合国达到入侵别国的目的。

英国情报机构政府通讯总部收到美国绝密邮件，美国国安局要求英国协助监视其他安理会成员国，分析其他国家对安理会发动伊拉克发动战争的态度，从而采取有针对性的公关，使得对伊拉克发动战争的提议获得安理会通过。在情报机构工作的凯瑟琳想阻止这次不义战争发生，于是偷偷把这封邮件的影印件发给了反战组织，她也因为违法《国家机密法》面临着牢狱之灾。

这是一部讲述举报人遭遇的电影，类似于斯诺登的棱镜门，只是结局截然不同。同时也反映了灯塔国指鹿为马，颠倒黑白的玩弄政治。很难说这样做是对还是错，站在公知的角度，任何人都有义务去阻止一场不义的战争。国家和国家主权之间应该是平等的，对其他国家的入侵是赤裸裸的霸权主义。站在国家安全的角度，这样做又有所不妥，任何秘密和绝密的资料，并不能以个人的感情为判定，保密规定是用来遵守的，不是用来破坏的。否则每个人都把情报公开，还要什么情报部门。

这是真实发生的故事，我们钦佩女主的勇气和善良，同时也对狼狈为奸的帝国主义的丑恶嘴脸有了更深的认识，就这点来判定，这是一部好片。

一个很淡又很美的小众电影ご公衆號ご：凉心评

本文版权归作者 凉心评 所有，任何形式转载请联系作者。

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惠风和畅功夫还是束手束脚法国恢复锋大哥水果成分刚好错过闺女超级超级顶焦度计度假村酒店放假顶焦度计亟待解决的决定顶焦度计顶焦度计顶焦度计顶焦度计顶焦度计人就放假顶焦度计分法v诶奶茶奶茶奶茶奶茶奶茶奶茶北部城市具备恶举报超超常备不懈变成了捏

电影也许就从布局和表演上未必是满分， 但是这种电影的意义本身就不是比拼什么电影的艺术和技巧，而是看是否讲述了一个有价值的故事。 这才是这种电影的生命， 正如我的标题， 所以我给打了5星， 就是想表扬和推荐这部电影折射出的意义。

人类社会区别于动物世界的本质就在于道德的树立，人性的尊重，以及良好秩序的建立。正因为这些核心的东西，我们有别于草原山岭上弱肉强食，任性杀戮的动物世界。国家作为一种人类社会负责维护这些核心价值的强力机器，本质是要看是否维护了这些核心价值，否则这就是一个邪恶的国家。比如纳粹德国，肆意践踏人权，国家机器沦为某些阶级强取豪夺，甚至通过战争手段抢劫的邪恶国家。 这种邪恶国家当然很快就灭亡。但是很多国家，并没有达到纳粹这样邪恶，但本质上却并不尊重这些人类社会的核心价值，所以要出很多问题。比如现在的美国，实际也成为一些人掠夺的机器，但是它也有好的一面。整个欧美社会都是如此。

电影反应的当然是美好的一面。 对伊拉克的第二次战争本质就如上所说，国家机器被操控，千百万人的福祉被当作筹码， 那么这和纳粹的做法有什么分别？ 欧美反战人士奋起反抗， 就是要维护人类社会的核心价值。 所以女主对政府没有忠诚， 对国家是极度忠诚。因为对国家，大家希望都是人间天国，政府是轮更交替的， 国家才是那个唯一不变，去维护核心价值，人间正义的机器。理解这一点， 就不难理解为什么女主的叛国并不成立，前提是政府已经违法。 人性的光辉熠熠发光，照亮了人间的黑暗，这是电影讲述的最大正能量。

当然，保证实现这个的前提，是已经建立了民主和法制的社会体系。所以法治的胜利，也是本片中的核心表现之一。无论多么强势的政府机关，也必须尊重法律，尊重人权，这才是最大的意义。我们那个被关了251天的苦命孩子， 看这个电影恐怕也更加满面泪流。 看了这个电影， 你才知道 看到守法普法的警官是怎么作为，看到律师是如何维护法律正义， 理想中的法治国家是什么样子。

无论什么情况下，人权第一！能独立思考，有自己的判断，敢做，也会有人愿意去帮忙，关键是这样的电影可以上映。

这是关于如何在正确与善良间的选择，这是关于我们到底想要真实还是美好的思考。选择正确不易，选择善良则会付出更大代价。美好人人所望，但是真实或许才是你我所需！

没有什么想说的了，以下为凑字数，请忽略😃😃😌😏😔😜😖😜😠😗🙃🤑🙃🤓