哥伦布传1492

对于画家而言，画画只是不断的画自己而已。同样我写评论也是借这个题目自我发挥而已。

这部电影我7年前在油管看电影剪辑的时候就知道了。只是不喜欢大鼻子情圣这个演员。倒不是他演的不好，而是一个演员出名后，无论演什么角色都是在演自己，还是那种充满自信，特别卖了的方式，容易让人看得出戏。

因为刚读了一本《西班牙摩尔人的故事》，对西班牙持续800年的收复失地运动有了了解。最近又在开始读佛罗伦萨文艺复兴的历史。Medici家的Lorenzo是1492年去世的，而同一年哥伦布到达美洲。1492年文艺复兴在意大利开始走下坡路，1492年地理大发现在西班牙却刚刚开始。正是这神奇的年份1492，促使着我翻出这部老电影。

这部电影中文翻译不好，失去了原来片名中所蕴含的电影主题，英文是1492,Conquest of the Paradise。直译作1492天堂的征服。在影片中也有对天堂和地狱的描述。哥伦布第一眼所看到的新大陆是一座绿色的如伊甸园般的景象（用他自己的话说），这和西班牙干旱的土黄色形成鲜明的对比。conquistador也是专指去美洲的西班牙人，他们在征服美洲的过程中，血腥屠杀奴役当地人，将本来与世无争的原始社会变成如地狱一般。（英法对新大陆的统治相对温和，所以他们自称colonist殖民者）。

我看电影时没注意时间和导演，但是看到哥伦布在salamanca大学辩论的时候，我就觉得有点不对劲，这导演咋拍的这么细啊，一个辩论的小片段就动用百十号人，布景服装都很认真。直到哥伦布去刚陷落的Granada去面见女皇的路上，路过一群穆斯林在祷告（守城的摩尔人投降的条件就是要被驱逐出西班牙，那些悲惨的人一边走一边依依不舍的回望着自己曾经的家），这么一个一闪而过的场景还细致的拍出来，我突然意识到这导演不简单，赶快查了一下竟然斯科特，就是那个拍角斗士，天国王朝。（也是那个拍异形的，所以西班牙女王就是异形的女主演）。哥伦布出行的那段拍得非常精彩，让人热血沸腾。

如果是童话故事，哥伦布克服种种困难，发现了新大陆，迈出了人类的第一步，他个人也升为贵族，皆大欢喜，全片完。可惜理想是美满的，现实却是一地鸡毛。哥伦布出发时定的目标：到黄金，香料和亚洲，一样也没看到。迎接他的只有潮热的热带雨林，疫病，蚊虫，反抗的土人和矛盾日益加深的队伍。

在电影中，当哥伦布把时间蹉跎在统治这座热带岛屿上的时候，他的同乡亚美利哥发现了美洲大陆，而大陆的位置也只需要哥伦布再向西航行一周便到达了。当哥伦布知道这个消息后，心中的不甘和失落是巨大的。本来这块大陆可以叫Colombia的结果现在叫America了。

这是斯科特1992年拍摄的史诗片，描写了哥伦布发现美洲新大陆的故事。也是一个英国导演聘用法国明星扮演意大利人在美国拍摄的西班牙的故事。（组成这句话真不容易！）

首先感受的是耳朵。主题曲由希腊作曲家范吉利斯谱写。再现了影片史诗般的气魄。低沉的鼓声，男声的合唱，婉转的小提琴，恢弘的合成器，所有这些组成了摄人心魄的乐声，带我们回到了五百年前。仿佛是对新大陆的憧憬，也像是对艰难险阻的征服，更像是成功的洗礼和理想的追寻。给人无比震撼的感染力，催人奋进，催人泪下。严重建议大家都听听，语言很难描述。前些年的电视剧《士兵突击》和台湾电视片《一寸山河一寸血》都用了这个曲子的主旋律。

1492年的西班牙是它最辉煌的时期。西班牙军队收复了摩尔人霸占几百年的格林纳达。文艺复兴的曙光已经微微照亮了黑暗的中世纪。人们被禁锢近千年的头脑在慢慢的苏醒。教会要传播信仰，王室要对外扩张，商人要对外贸易。无数的欲望在刺激着人们去寻找新世界。伟大的哥伦布就在这块骚动不安的土地上应运而生。

哥伦布是个理想主义者，他对新世界充满了渴望，相信大洋彼岸有一块新大陆等待着他，对那块神秘的土地饱含激情。为了实现自己的理想，他巧妙的利用了各类人的需要，他对教会说要去传播上帝的旨意，对王室说西班牙可以因此成为世界帝国，对商人说，那里的屋顶都是金子做成的。对船员说，我们用七周就可以到达那里。终于获得各方面的首肯，女王还资助了他的这次航程。

和所有人不同的是，哥伦布唯一的追求的是发现和探索。他一生中最辉煌的时刻就是海上雾气散去，一片从未涉足过的土地在阳光的照耀下出现，棕榈树在婆娑摇曳，鸟儿在林间歌唱。这一刻实现了哥伦布所有的梦想。他含泪宣布：“以上帝的名义，以西班牙国王的名义，用我被赋予的权力，我宣布拥有这块土地并命名为圣萨尔瓦多。”

被历史记住的也是这一刻。

实际上，到了此时，哥伦布已经实现了理想，完成了使命。然而可悲的是，现实还要求他必需继续，去当总督，去和印第安人交往，去平息内部一个又一个不安和叛乱。对此他确实力不从心了。一个即将离去的教士对哥伦布说：“没有人需要新世界，只有你。”是的。人们从骨子里并不需要这个新世界，而只是为了实现各自的贪欲。这也是哥伦布的后半生面临种种失败的根本原因。当时没有人能够理解哥伦布的伟大。

在影片中，哥伦布和王室的代理人山特荷有一段对话。

山特荷：“你只是个梦想家。”

哥伦布：“看看那儿，你看到了什么？”

山特荷：“我看到了城堡、宫殿、尖塔，我看到了文明。”

哥伦布：“所有这些，都是我这样的人创造。无论你能活多长，你我之间有一件事永不会改变，我做到了，你没有。”

他说出了伟人和庸人之间的区别。时至今日，人们还记得西班牙女王吗？还记得山特荷吗？还记得高高在上的主教吗？他们早已随历史化作尘埃。不朽的是哥伦布和他伟大的发现。

美洲的发现，开始了殖民时代。殖民给宗主国带来了巨大的利益和财富，同时伴随着残忍的掠夺和杀戮。也在不经意间，给殖民地带去了文明和繁荣。不过这真是原住民所需要的吗？影片中描写了一个印第安原住民在经历了这些之后，毅然脱去了殖民者给他的衣服，拒绝了曾经让他称羡的“文明”，又拿起弓箭，回到他的同伴中去了。这里的喻义是明显的。直到今天人们还在争论着殖民主义的得与失。不过这和哥伦布没有一点关系，当时的哥伦布不可能预知后来发生的一切。也丝毫不能损害他的伟大。

哥伦布由法国著名影星杰拉尔·德帕迪约扮演。我们无从知道他与哥伦布像不像，更无从知道哥伦布是否长着他那样的大鼻子。不过杰拉尔确实做到了神似。为了再现五百年前的真实场景，除了布景服装的真实之外，他的动作尽量贴近生活，不去刻意显露优雅的姿态。在踏上新大陆的那一刻，他一身疲惫，衣衫褴褛，踉踉跄跄的步伐，饱含泪光的面庞，颤抖的双唇，真是令人感动极了。

传记片表现人物的一生很难，要么是失于松散，要么是失于片面。发现新大陆这样伟大的事业，在两小时的电影中很难包容那么庞大的信息。对于五百年前发生的事情，更不可能处处如实道来。导演和编剧的功力体现在对事件的选择。并加以精心描述，去体现整个影片的精神。如果不苛求的话，这部片子拍的还是很不错的。

本人评分：7.5。

Alex Gendler: History vs. Christopher Columbus

Many people in the United States and Latin America have grown up celebrating the anniversary of Christopher Columbus's voyage, but was he an intrepid explorer who brought two worlds together or a ruthless exploiter who brought colonialism and slavery? And did he even discover America at all? It's time to put Columbus on the stand in History vs. Christopher Columbus. "Order, order in the court. Wait, am I even supposed to be at work today?" <i>Cough</i> "Yes, your Honor. From 1792, Columbus Day was celebrated in many parts of the United States on October 12th, the actual anniversary date. But although it was declared an official holiday in 1934, individual states aren't required to observe it. Only 23 states close public services, and more states are moving away from it completely." <i>Cough</i> "What a pity. In the 70s, we even moved it to the second Monday in October so people could get a nice three-day weekend, but I guess you folks just hate celebrations." "Uh, what are we celebrating again?" "Come on, Your Honor, we all learned it in school. Christopher Columbus convinced the King of Spain to send him on a mission to find a better trade route to India, not by going East over land but sailing West around the globe. Everyone said it was crazy because they still thought the world was flat, but he knew better. And when in 1492 he sailed the ocean blue, he found something better than India: a whole new continent." "What rubbish. First of all, educated people knew the world was round since Aristotle. Secondly, Columbus didn't discover anything. There were already people living here for millennia. And he wasn't even the first European to visit. The Norse had settled Newfoundland almost 500 years before." "You don't say, so how come we're not all wearing those cow helmets?" "Actually, they didn't really wear those either." <i>Cough</i> "Who cares what some Vikings did way back when? Those settlements didn't last, but Columbus's did. And the news he brought back to Europe spread far and wide, inspiring all the explorers and settlers who came after. Without him, none of us would be here today." "And because of him, millions of Native Americans aren't here today. Do you know what Columbus did in the colonies he founded? He took the very first natives he met prisoner and wrote in his journal about how easily he could conquer and enslave all of them." "Oh, come on. Everyone was fighting each other back then. Didn't the natives even tell Columbus about other tribes raiding and taking captives?" "Yes, but tribal warfare was sporadic and limited. It certainly didn't wipe out 90% of the population." "Hmm. Why is celebrating this Columbus so important to you, anyway?" "Your Honor, Columbus's voyage was an inspiration to struggling people all across Europe, symbolizing freedom and new beginnings. And his discovery gave our grandparents and great-grandparents the chance to come here and build better lives for their children. Don't we deserve a hero to remind everyone that our country was build on the struggles of immigrants?" "And what about the struggles of Native Americans who were nearly wiped out and forced into reservations and whose descendants still suffer from poverty and discrimination? How can you make a hero out of a man who caused so much suffering?" "That's history. You can't judge a guy in the 15th century by modern standards. People back then even thought spreading Christianity and civilization across the world was a moral duty." "Actually, he was pretty bad, even by old standards. While governing Hispaniola, he tortured and mutilated natives who didn't bring him enough gold and sold girls as young as nine into sexual slavery, and he was brutal even to the other colonists he ruled, to the point that he was removed from power and thrown in jail. When the missionary, Bartolomé de las Casas, visited the island, he wrote, 'From 1494 to 1508, over 3,000,000 people had perished from war, slavery and the mines. Who in future generations will believe this?'" "Well, I'm not sure I believe those numbers." "Say, aren't there other ways the holiday is celebrated?" "In some Latin American countries, they celebrate the same date under different names, such as Día de la Raza. In these places, it's more a celebration of the native and mixed cultures that survived through the colonial period. Some places in the U.S. have also renamed the holiday, as Native American Day or Indigenous People's Day and changed the celebrations accordingly." "So, why not just change the name if it's such a problem?" "Because it's tradition. Ordinary people need their heroes and their founding myths. Can't we just keep celebrating the way we've been doing for a century, without having to delve into all this serious research? It's not like anyone is actually celebrating genocide." "Traditions change, and the way we choose to keep them alive says a lot about our values." "Well, it looks like giving tired judges a day off isn't one of those values, anyway." Traditions and holidays are important to all cultures, but a hero in one era may become a villain in the next as our historical knowledge expands and our values evolve. And deciding what these traditions should mean today is a major part of putting history on trial.

从研究历史的角度出发，我觉得这部电影拍得比较符合史实，没有因为故事好看百杜撰很多虚构的事实。百分之九十是真的。

演员很棒，很少带入感。

当然，这个片子因为太符合史实，有点像流水帐，缺乏高潮。

另外，缺乏太强的反面角色，导致电影不好看。

海上航行中，关于确定角度和速度的细节不错。

总体不错，打四分。